2023考研长难句学习DAY 70

发布于 2022-06-14 23:35 ，所属分类：在线教育信息快讯

2023考研长难句学习Day 70
第六段：①Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures.②Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff.③This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.④And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.

第七段：①Society also suffers from excessive employment protections.②Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall wellbeing.

语法解析：
第六段：①Nor（否定词）+ are（系动词）+ highly paid managers（主语）+themselves（同位语）+ immune from the harm（表语）+//caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures（过去分词做后置定语）.
备注：本句是半倒装结构：否定词放在句首采用倒装，正常语序是highly paid managers themselves are not immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures.

①拿高薪的经理们自身也不能免于《雇佣关系法》的不公正解雇程序所带来的伤害。

②Because employment protection lawsmakeit costlier to fire an employee, //employersare more cautious abouthiring new staff.
②就业保护法使得解雇员工的成本更高，因此雇主在招聘新员工时也更加谨慎。

原因状语从句：Because（引导词）+ employment protection laws（主语）+make（谓语）+it（形式宾语）+ costlier（宾补）+ to fire an employee（真正的宾语）,

主句：employers（主语）+are more cautious about（谓语）+hiring new staff（宾语）.

③This（主语）+ makes（谓语）+ it（形式宾语）+ harder（宾补）+ for the marginal manager（状语）+ to gain employment（真正的宾语）.
③这使被边缘化的管理者更难就业。

④And firmspaystaff less //because firmscarrythe burden /of the employment arrangement going wrong.
④而且，由于公司要承担岗位安排不当的后果，所以给员工开的工资更低。

主句：And firms（主语）+pay（谓语）+staff（宾语）+ less（宾补）
原因状语从句：//because（引导词）+ firms（主语）+carry（谓语）+the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong（后置定语）.

整一个段合并翻译：
第六段：①Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures.②Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff.③This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.④And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
①拿高薪的经理们自身也不能免于《雇佣关系法》的不公正解雇程序所带来的伤害。②就业保护法使得解雇员工的成本更高，因此雇主在招聘新员工时也更加谨慎。③这使被边缘化的管理者更难就业。④而且，由于公司要承担岗位安排不当的后果，所以给员工开的工资更低。

第七段：①Society also suffers from excessive employment protections.②Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall wellbeing.


①Society（主语）+ also suffers from（谓语）+ excessive employment protections（宾语）.
①由于就业受到过分保护，社会也深受其害。

②Stringent job dismissal regulations（主语）+adversely affect（谓语1）+ productivity growth（宾）+ //and（并列连词）+hamper（谓语2）+both prosperity and overall wellbeing（宾语2）.
②严格的就业解雇规定损害生产力的增长，阻碍社会繁荣和人们的总体福祉。

合并翻译：
第七段：①Society also suffers from excessive employment protections.②Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall wellbeing.
①由于就业受到过分保护，社会也深受其害。②严格的就业解雇规定损害生产力的增长，阻碍社会繁荣和人们的总体福祉。

全部合并：
第六段：①Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures.②Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff.③This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.④And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
①拿高薪的经理们自身也不能免于《雇佣关系法》的不公正解雇程序所带来的伤害。②就业保护法使得解雇员工的成本更高，因此雇主在招聘新员工时也更加谨慎。③这使被边缘化的管理者更难就业。④而且，由于公司要承担岗位安排不当的后果，所以给员工开的工资更低。

第七段：①Society also suffers from excessive employment protections.②Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall wellbeing.
①由于就业受到过分保护，社会也深受其害。②严格的就业解雇规定损害生产力的增长，阻碍社会繁荣和人们的总体福祉。

单词：
be immune from/to对…有免疫力；不受…的影响
cautious/ˈkɔːʃəs/ adj.小心的，谨慎的
例：He was very cautious about committing himself to anything.他谨小慎微，从不轻易表态。
ERA(Employment Relations Ac)雇佣关系法
dismissal [dɪsˈmɪsl] n.开除，解雇；不予考虑，摒弃；驳回，不予受理
justified [ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd] adj.有正当理由的，有合理解释的
unjustified [ˌʌnˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd] adj.不公正的；不正当的；不必要的
justify/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v.证明…正确（或正当、有理），是……的正当理由（to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable）；对……作出解释，为……辩解
例：Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.
她的成功证明了老师对她的信心是正确的。
例：The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.
要求首相就这一决定向议会作出解释。
justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.正当理由，合理解释（a good reason why sth exists or is done）；证明为正当，辩护(真题翻译中考过几次)
例：I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.
我看不出还能提出什么理由来进一步加税
例：To me the only justification for a zoo is educational.
对我来说，动物园存在的惟一正当理由就是它的教育意义。
procedure [prəˈsiːdʒər] n.手续，步骤；（商业、法律或政治上的）程序
例：to follow normal/standard/accepted procedure遵循正常的╱标准的╱惯用的步骤
marginal/ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/ adj.小的，微不足道的；（活动、花费、税项等）边际的；非主流的，边缘的；以相差无几的票数获胜（或失败）的；写在页边空白的；贫瘠的
1.small and not important小的；微不足道的；不重要的a marginal improvement in weather conditions天气条件的略微好转
2.非主体的；边缘的marginal groups in society社会中的非主流群体
3.写在页边空白处的marginal notes/comments页边的注解╱评论
burden/ˈbɜːrdn/ n.负担，责任；负重，负荷v.烦扰，使负重担•
to bear/carry/ease/reduce/sharethe burden承受╱担负╱减轻╱减少╱分担重担•
The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.
国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。
1.~ sb/yourself (with sth)负担=be burdened with sth（=to be carrying sth heavy）负重
例：They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage.他们负担了一笔很高的按揭借款。
arrangement/əˈreɪndʒmənt/ n.安排，筹备；商定，约定；整理，排列，布置
例：travel arrangements旅行安排
例：I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport.我会安排人到机场接你。
例：new security arrangements新保安措施
例：The staff is working frantically on final arrangements for the summit.
工作人员在紧张忙碌地为该峰会做最后的安排。
excessive/ɪkˈsesɪv/ adj.过度的，过多的
例：The amounts she borrowed were not excessive.她借的数量没有超额。
例：Their spending on research is excessive and is slowing developments of new treatments.
他们在研究上的花销过多，正在减慢新疗法的开发。
excessively/ɪkˈsesɪvli/ adv.过分地，过量地；极度
excess /ɪkˈses/ n.超过，过量；越轨行为，暴行；无节制，无度adj.过多的，超额的；额外的，附加的
例：Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?你生活中的压力太大吗？
例：The increase will not be in excess of (= more than) two per cent.
增加幅度不会超过百分之二。
例：We need a free press to curb government excesses.
我们需要新闻自由来约束政府的越轨行为。
例：Make sure that you don't have to pay expensive excess charges.
确保你不需要支付昂贵的额外费用。
exceed/ɪkˈsiːd/ v.超过，超出；超越（限制）；优于，胜过
例：His achievements have exceeded expectations .他的成就出乎预料。
例：The officers had exceeded their authority.这些官员超越了他们的权限。
stringent/ˈstrɪndʒənt/adj.（规定或条件）严格的；紧缩的（very strict and that must be obeyed）例：stringent air quality regulations严格的空气质量管理条例
例：He announced that there would be more stringent controls on the possession of weapons.
他宣布在武器的持有方面将会有更严格的控制。
adversely/ədˈvɜːrsliˌˈædvɜːrsli/ adv.不利地，有害地
adverse/ədˈvɜːrsˌˈædvɜːrs/ adj.不利的，有害的；相反的；敌对的
例：adverse change/circumstances/weather conditions不利的变动；逆境；恶劣天气
例：Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.缺少资金将对我们的研究方案有不利影响。
adversity /ədˈvɜːrsəti/ n.逆境，厄运
例：He showed courage in adversity.他在逆境中显示出了勇气。
adversary/ˈædvərseri/n.敌手，对手
例：His political adversaries would like to discredit him.他的政敌想破坏他的声誉。
hamper/ˈhæmpər/v.阻碍，妨碍
The bad weather hampered rescue operations.
例：恶劣的天气阻碍了救助行动。


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