【2021.04.19晨间英语】

Japanese Official Says Olympics Could Still Be Canceled

日本官员称东京奥运会仍可能被取消

A top ruling party official in Japan said Thursday it is still possible that the Tokyo Olympics could be canceled.
日本执政党高级官员周四表示，东京奥运会仍有可能被取消。

The comment came from Toshihiro Nikai, secretary general of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party. He spoke to broadcaster TBS as COVID-19 cases have been rising across Japan.
这一言论出自执政党自民党干事长二阶俊博。随着日本各地新冠肺炎病例上升，他接受了东京广播公司的采访。

"If it seems impossible to go on with the games, they must be definitely canceled," Nikai said. "If there is a surge in infections because of the Olympics, there will be no meaning to having the Olympics.?x-oss-process=image/format,webp" style="max-width:100%"> 二阶俊博表示：“如果似乎办不了奥运会，就必须明确取消。如果由于奥运会导致感染激增，那么举办奥运会就没有任何意义。”

However, Nikai added that he felt it was important for Japan to keep working to put on a successful Olympic Games. "It is a big opportunity. I want to make it a success," he said. "We will have many issues to resolve and prepare, and it is important to take care of them one by one."
然而二阶俊博还表示，他认为对于日本来说，继续努力举办一届成功的奥运会非常重要。他说：“这是一个很好的机会，我想让它成功举办。我们将有需要问题需要解决和准备，因此一项一项地解决这些问题就很重要。”

Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said in a statement there was "no change to the government position to do everything to achieve a safe and secure Olympics."
日本首相菅义伟在一份声明中表示，日本政府尽一切努力举办一届安全、安心的奥运会的立场没有改变。

Tokyo organizers said they -- together with officials from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) -- "are fully focused on hosting the games this summer."
东京奥组委表示，他们与国际奥委会官员一起，“全身心投入于今年夏天举办奥运会。”

The recent rise in COVID-19 cases included 729 new cases in Tokyo on Thursday, the most since early February. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike urged people in the city to take extra protections and asked people from outside Tokyo not to visit.
最近新冠肺炎病例上升，包括周四东京出现729例新病例，是2月初以来的新高。东京都知事小池百合子督促东京市民采取进一步保护措施，并要求东京以外人士不要前来。

Tokyo, Osaka and several other areas began new anti-virus restrictions this month. The measures limited operating hours for restaurants and drinking establishments. Local media reported other areas were likely to put new restrictions in place as well.
东京、大阪和其它几个地区本月开始实施新的反病毒限制措施。这些措施包括限制饭店和饮酒场所的营业时间。当地媒体报道，其它地区也可能会制定新的限制措施。

Some experts have warned that a new COVID-19 version, or variant, might replace the current virus and cause an explosion of infections by early May.
有专家警告说，新冠病毒新变种可能会取代目前的病毒，并在5月初引起感染激增。

Another Japanese official told a local television station that if the Tokyo Olympics do go forward, the events may be held with no fans. "I think the question is how to do the Olympics in a way that is possible in this situation," said Taro Kono. He is the government minister in charge of Japan's vaccination efforts. "That may mean there will probably be no spectators."
另一位日本官员对当地电视台表示，如果东京奥运会继续推进，则比赛可能会空场进行。河野太郎说：“我认为问题是在这种情况下，如果以可能的方式举办奥运会。”他是负责日本疫苗接种工作的政府大臣。他说：“这可能意味着没有观众。”

The delayed Tokyo Olympics are set to open on July 23, with the Paralympics to follow on August 24. Fans from outside Japan have already been banned. Now even Japanese attendees could be kept away.
已被推迟的东京奥运会定于7月23日开幕，残奥会将于8月24日开幕。日本以外观众已经被禁止参加。现在，即使是日本观众也可能被拒之门外。

Tokyo organizers have said they expect to announce a decision this month on the number of fans permitted at each event.
东京奥组委表示，他们预计本月会宣布每场比赛允许多少观众入场。

I'm Bryan Lynn.
我是布莱恩·林恩。

Immigrants Play Big Part in Caring for Older Adults, Disabled in US

移民在美国护理行业扮演重要角色

Proposed limits on immigration to the United States may worsen the nation's shortage of workers who care for old and disabled people, a new study finds.
一项新的研究发现，美国拟对移民做出的限制可能会加剧该国照顾老人和残疾人的员工出现短缺。

More than three million immigrants work within the U.S. healthcare system. That represents 18 percent of all health care workers. Nearly 25 percent of care providers in nursing homes nationwide are immigrants. Nursing homes care for elderly adults and people with a physical disability or long-term health disorder.
超过300万移民在美国医疗保健系统内工作，占到了全部医护人员的18%。全美国养老院中近25%的护理人员是移民。养老院负责照顾老人、残疾人或是长期病患。

Doctor Leah Zallman is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. She was the lead writer of a report on the study. The report appeared earlier this month in the publication Health Affairs.
Leah Zallman博士是马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的一名医学教授，也是该研究报告的主要作者。这篇报告于本月早些时候发表在《健康事物》刊物上。

Zallman said, "We rely heavily on immigrants to care for the elderly and disabled, particularly in their everyday care."
Zallman表示：“我们非常依赖移民来照顾老年人和残疾人，尤其是照顾他们的日常生活。”

To take a closer look at the importance of immigrants in the healthcare system, Zallman and other researchers examined the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the 2018 Current Population Survey.
为了进一步了解移民在医疗保健系统内的重要性，Zallman和其他研究人员审查了2018年当期人口调查的社会经济年度附录。

The survey found that 1 million workers in the long-term healthcare industry were immigrants. That represents 23.5 percent of total workers in such jobs.
调查发现长期医疗行业中有100万员工是移民，占到了这类工作全部员工的23.5%。

Zallman noted that immigrants are especially likely to work overnight hours. "This is an industry that needs people round-the-clock," she said. "They [immigrants] are really filling the gaps."
Zallman指出，移民尤其可能上夜班。她说：“这个行业需要人们夜以继日地工作，移民们确实填补了这一缺口。”

In 2017, more than 27 percent of direct care workers were immigrants. The study defined "direct care work" as nurses, home health aides or home care aides. Such workers help with everyday activities like helping people eat meals, put on clothes, and wash up.
2017年，超过27%的直接护理工作人员是移民。该研究将直接护理工作人员定义为护士、家庭健康助理或家庭护理助手。这类员工协助日常活动，例如帮助人们吃饭、穿衣和洗漱。

Nurses and health aides perform other duties, such as taking a patient's blood pressure and offering range-of-motion exercises.
护士和健康助理还履行其它职责，例如给患者量血压以及提供关节活动度练习。

Home care aides may help clean a patient's home and cook food for them. They do not perform medical tasks.
家庭护理助手可以帮助患者打扫房屋和做饭，他们不执行医疗任务。

The elderly population in America is expected to double by the year 2050. Workers who are prepared to care for elderly or disabled patients are already in short supply, the researchers noted.
到2050年，美国老年人口预计将会翻倍。研究人员指出，照顾老人或残疾患者的合格员工已经供不应求。

The Health Resources and Services Administration predicts a 34-percent rise in the demand for direct care workers over the next 10 years.
美国卫生资源和服务管理局预计未来10年对直接护理工作人员的需求将会增加34%。

Last month, the administration of President Donald Trump proposed legislation that would reduce the number of legal immigrants while placing more importance on educated, skilled immigrants. Such changes, the report noted, "could sharply reduce the number of low-wage immigrant workers.”
上个月，川普政府提出立法，将会在减少合法移民数量的同时更加重视受过教育的、有技术的移民。报告指出，这种改变“可能会大幅减少低工资移民工人的数量。”

Albert Wu is a doctor and professor of health policy at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in Maryland. He called the new study "very important and timely."
Albert Wu是马里兰州约翰霍普金斯公共卫生学院卫生政策的博士和教授。他称这项新研究“非常重要和及时。”

Wu said, "The current proposal to restrict immigration to more skilled or professional applicants runs directly counter to the need for this category of work."
Wu表示：“目前把移民限制在有技能或专业申请人的建议，跟这类工作的需求背道而驰。”

I'm Ashley Thompson.
我是阿什利·汤普森。

US Health Agency Issues New Guidelines to Safely Reopen Schools

美国疾控与预防中心发布新指南 指导学校安全地重新开放

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released new guidelines to help schools decide whether they can safely reopen.
美国疾病控制与预防中心发布了新的指南，以帮助学校决定他们是否可以安全地重新开放。

Most U.S. school systems have been holding classes online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CDC's new guidance suggests schools can safely reopen if they take the right protective measures.
美国大多数学校系统在新冠肺炎大流行期间一直上网课。美国疾病控制与预防中心的新指南建议，如果学校采取正确的防护措施，则可以安全地重新开放。

For example, the health agency says teachers and students need to wear face coverings and practice social distancing.
例如，该卫生机构表示，师生们需要戴上口罩并保持社交距离。

It says schools should also urge students to wash their hands often and advises that teachers keep children in smaller groups throughout the day to limit contact. The CDC says schools also need to disinfect classrooms and test any students, teachers or employees showing signs of the virus.
该机构表示，学校还应该督促学生们经常洗手，并建议教师全天把孩子们分成小组以限制接触。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，还需要对教室进行消毒，并对任何出现病毒感染迹象的师生员工进行检测。

The agency said most schools can safely reopen even if all their teachers have not yet been vaccinated. However, the guidance suggests that educators receive vaccines as soon as possible.
该机构表示，即使所有教师都尚未接种疫苗，大多数学校也可以安全地重新开放。但是，该指南建议教育工作者尽快接种疫苗。

The CDC said research has shown that in-person learning, especially for younger students, is not a major driver in spreading the virus.
美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，研究表明，面授课程，尤其是针对年轻学生的课程，并非病毒传播的主要推动力。

The agency said the best way to make sure schools are safe is to work to control the virus in communities. It urged local leaders to continually carry out testing to be sure their communities are not experiencing a sharp increase in cases.
该机构表示，确保学校安全的最好办法是努力控制社区传播的病毒。它督促地方领导继续进行检测，以确保其社区不会出现病例激增。

If there is a fast rise in cases, the CDC said, schools should change their teaching methods to keep some students at home.
美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，如果出现病例激增，学校应该改变教学方式，让一些学生呆在家里。

The updated CDC information included a color-coded guide designed to help schools decide whether to open and when they need to close.
美国疾病控制与预防中心更新后的信息包括了一个彩色编码的指南，旨在帮助学校决定是否开放以及何时需要关闭。

President Joe Biden said during his election campaign that he wanted to get most students back to in-school learning by the end of his first 100 days in office.
拜登总统在竞选活动中表示，他希望在上任百日内让大多数学生重返学校学习。

Educators agree that students learn best in the classroom instead of at home. But some teachers have worried that going back to class might be unsafe.
教育工作者一致认为，学生们在教室学得更好，而不是在家里。但是一些教师担心重返课堂可能不安全。

In Chicago, school leaders and the labor union that represents teachers recently made a deal to get students back to the classroom. The teachers had threatened to stop working at one point because they were concerned about their own safety.
在芝加哥，学校领导和教师工会最近达成协议让学生们返校。这些教师一度扬言要罢工，因为他们担心自己的安全。

Experts believe the U.S. economy will improve when students get back to school. Parents will be able to get back to work as a result.
专家们认为，当学生们重返校园之后，美国经济就会改善。因为父母将能够重新开始工作。

Biden's COVID-19 recovery bill currently being considered by the U.S. Congress includes $130 billion to help schools. That money would be used to help schools prepare for reopening and provide protective equipment for teachers and school workers.
美国国会目前正在考虑拜登的新冠肺炎复苏法案，其中包括1300亿美元用于帮助学校。这笔钱将用于帮助学校为重新开放做准备，并为教师和学校工作人员提供保护设备。

I'm Dan Friedell.
我是丹·弗雷德尔。

Biden Proposes $1.9 Trillion Plan to Fight COVID-19, Help Economy

拜登提出1.9万亿美元计划以抗击新冠病毒并帮助经济复苏

President-elect Joe Biden is proposing a coronavirus action plan that centers on mass vaccination in the United States and more financial assistance to help the economy. The plan could cost as much as $1.9 trillion dollars.
候任总统乔·拜登提出了一项新冠病毒行动计划，集中围绕在美国大规模接种疫苗并推出更大规模财政援助以帮助经济复苏。该计划可能会耗资高达1.9万亿美元。

Biden sees the pandemic as the country's biggest problem. He said last week, "That's my No. 1 concern, to get the virus under control."
拜登将这场大流行视为美国面临的最大的问题。他上周表示：“控制新冠病毒是我的第一要务。”

The plan aims to speed up vaccination of Americans by delivering more vaccine and working closely with states and local communities to get shots into the arms of more people.
该计划旨在通过提供更多疫苗，并与各州以及地方社区紧密合作为更多人接种疫苗，从而加快美国人的疫苗接种速度。

Biden has set a goal of giving out 100 million shots in his first 100 days. Right now, the U.S. is vaccinating almost one million people a day, but it needs to get up to two million to reach Biden's goal.
拜登已经制定了在上任百日内提供1亿剂疫苗的目标。目前，美国每天为近100万人接种疫苗，但是需要达到每日接种200万才能实现拜登的目标。

Biden has said the plan would have "billions of dollars" to speed up vaccination. He is also asking Americans to look past their sense of pandemic fatigue. He wants a commitment to wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and avoiding large indoor gatherings.
拜登表示，该计划将有数十亿美元用于加速疫苗接种。他还要求美国人摆脱他们对大流行的疲劳感。他希望人们承诺戴口罩、保持社交距离并避免大型室内聚会。

The president-elect wants Congress to send more money to American states to help reopen schools and to avoid laying off teachers, police officers and health workers.
拜登希望国会向美国各州提供更多资金以协助学校重新开放，并避免解雇教师、警察和医务工作者。

Biden's incoming White House economic adviser, Brian Deese, told Reuters the measures may include direct payments of $1,400 to most Americans.
拜登即将上任的白宫经济顾问布莱恩·迪斯对路透社表示，此举可能包括向大多数美国人发放1400美元直接补贴。

A nation divided
国家分裂

The plan comes as a divided nation is experiencing the pandemic's most dangerous wave yet. So far, more than 380,000 Americans have died.
该计划是在一个分裂的国家正经历着大流行迄今最为危险一波疫情的时刻发布的。截至目前已经有超过38万美国人丧生。

Biden hopes his plan will put the country on the path to recovery by the end of his first 100 days. "It's going to be hard," Biden said Monday after he got his second vaccine dose. "It's not going to be easy. But we can get it done."
拜登希望他的计划能够在他上任100天结束时使美国走上复苏的道路。拜登周一在接种第二针疫苗后表示：“这会很难，这不会太容易，但是我们可以实现这个目标。”

Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer of New York said the Biden COVID-19 plan will be the new Congress's first action this year.
来自纽约的参议院民主党领袖查克·舒默表示，拜登的新冠病毒计划将是新一届国会今年的第一项行动。

But the biggest question for Biden is if he can "win the hearts and minds of the American people to follow his lead," said Dr. Leana Wen. She is a public health expert and emergency physician.
温·莱纳博士表示，但是对拜登来说最大的问题在于，他是否能够“赢得美国人的民心民意以追随他的领导。”她是一名公共卫生专家和急诊医生。

Under the Trump administration, more than 29 million doses of vaccine have been sent but only 10.3 million have gotten the first of two shots.
在川普政府的领导下，美国已经发出了超过2900万剂疫苗，但是只有1030万人接种了需要打两针的这种疫苗的第一针。

Biden wants to quickly increase that number by working closely with states and local communities to get more people vaccinated.
拜登希望通过与各州和当地社区的紧密合作，为更多人接种，从而迅速提升接种人数。

It will need cooperation "at all levels, as well as resources," said Dr. Nadine Gracia. She is the executive vice president of the nonpartisan Trust for America's Health.
纳丁·格拉西亚博士说，这需要在各个层面以及资源上的合作。她是无党派美国健康基金会的执行副总裁。

Experts say, however, that the biggest problem may be public suspicion about the vaccine. Research shows it is a big problem, especially among Black Americans.

然而专家们表示，最大的问题可能是公众对疫苗的怀疑。研究表明，这是一个大问题，尤其是在美国黑人当中。

"It's important to...work to earn trust and build vaccine confidence in communities," said Gracia.
格拉西亚表示：“重要的是努力赢得信任并建立各社区对疫苗的信心。”

I'm Susan Shand.
我是苏珊·尚德。

The True Story of Pocahontas

关于“印第安公主”波卡洪塔斯的真实历史

Pocahontas is one of the most famous figures in American history. Many books and films portray her as a beautiful American Indian "princess" who made sacrifices to serve British colonial interests. These stories also suggest that she saved England's first Virginia settlers from death and starvation.
波卡洪塔斯（Pocahontas）是美国历史上最著名的人物之一。很多书籍和电影都将她描绘为一位美丽的印第安公主，为英国殖民利益作出了牺牲。这些故事还暗示她拯救了英格兰第一批弗吉尼亚殖民者，让他们避免了死亡和饥饿。

Most likely none of that is true.
这些很有可能都不是真实的。

Pocahontas was the daughter of Pamunkey Chief Wahunsenaca. He was leader of an alliance of about thirty Algonquian tribes and bands in Virginia when the British arrived in 1607.
波卡洪塔斯是帕芒基部落酋长Wahunsenaca的女儿。值1607年英国抵达之际，Wahunsenaca是弗吉尼亚30多个阿尔冈基人部族联盟的首领。

This did not make her a "princess" however. Royalty was a European idea. Her family called her Matoaka, "flower between two streams." This likely referred to their home between Virginia's Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers.
然而，这并不能使波卡洪塔斯成为公主，因为皇室是一种欧洲概念。她的家人称她为Matoaka，意思是两条溪流之间的花儿。这可能代表着他们家住在马特波尼河和帕芒基河之间。

Tradition has said that her father also called her "Pocahontas." This has several possible meanings, including "wanton" to "mischievous." The name suggests she had a lively personality.
传说她的父亲也称她为Pocahontas，这个词有多种意思，包括“爱嬉戏的”和“调皮的。”这个名字表明她性格活泼。

Little is known of Pocahontas' childhood. Linwood "Little Bear" Custalow was a member of the Mattaponi tribe, an ally of Wahunsenaca's. Dr. Linwood's book, The True Story of Pocahontas, the Other Side of History reports about Mattaponi oral history. It says Matoakoa married a young Potowomac fighter named Kocoum when she was about 14. They had a child called Little Kocoum, who was raised among the Mattaponi. The book also says that the English murdered the older Kocoum.
人们对波卡洪塔斯的儿时知之甚少。林伍德·卡斯塔洛(Linwood "Little Bear" Custalow)是马特波尼部落的成员，该部落是Wahunsenaca的盟友。林伍德博士在《历史另一面:真实的波卡洪塔斯》一书中报道了马特波尼部落的口述历史，书中称波卡洪塔斯14岁时跟Potowomac部族一位年轻战士Kocoum结了婚。他们生了一个小孩，取名叫Little Kocoum，这个小孩在马特波尼部落长大。这本书还称英国人谋杀了老Kocoum。

In 1613, the English took Pocahontas and imprisoned her because they thought it would help influence negotiations with her father. They kept her for a year at the settlement of Jamestown.
1613年，英国人把波卡洪塔斯囚禁了起来，因为他们认为这样能影响到跟她父亲的谈判。他们把她在詹姆斯顿殖民地关押了一年。

At some point during her imprisonment, Pocahontas was declared a Christian and her British captors gave her a new name: Rebecca. The Mattaponi say at one point the English settlers permitted her sister to visit her. During that visit Pocahontas told her sister that she had been raped.
波卡洪塔斯在被囚的某个时期宣布皈依基督教，绑架她的英国人给她取了一个新的名字：丽贝卡。马特波尼族人称，英国殖民者有一次允许她的妹妹去探访她。在那次探访期间，波卡洪塔斯告诉她妹妹，她被强奸了。

During her time at Jamestown, a British farmer named John Rolfe took an interest in her. The details of their relationship are not clear. In his writings, Rolfe said that he loved Pocahontas but also recognized that a marriage alliance between Britain and Virginia tribes would be helpful.
波卡洪塔斯在詹姆斯顿期间，一位名为约翰·罗尔夫（John Rolfe）的英国农民对她产生了兴趣。他们关系的细节并不清楚。罗尔夫在文字表述中写道，他爱着波卡洪塔斯，但是也坦诚英国和弗吉尼亚部落之间的婚姻联盟会有帮助。

Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614, and she gave birth to a son, Thomas. The Mattaponi say her father did not attend the wedding. However he gave her a necklace made of pearls harvested from Virginia's coastal waters as a gift.
罗尔夫于1614年跟波卡洪塔斯结了婚，她还生下了一个孩子，取名为托马斯。马特波尼族人说，她的父亲没有参加婚礼。然而他送给了波卡洪塔斯一串产自弗吉尼亚沿海水域的珍珠做成的项链作为礼物。

Pocahontas later traveled to England with Rolfe and Thomas to help bring attention to the new Virginia colony. She was presented to the Queen as Virginia's first Christian. Historical records say she was well-received.
波卡洪塔斯随后跟罗尔夫和托马斯前往英格兰，帮助引发人们对新弗吉尼亚殖民地的。她被作为弗吉尼亚第一位基督徒介绍给女王。历史纪录称她受到了欢迎。

However, Pocahontas became sick, and later died before she and Rolfe could return to Virginia. She was buried at St. George's Church in the Kent town of Gravesend on March 21, 1617. A memorial statue for Pocahontas stands there today.
然而波卡洪塔斯病了，并且在她和罗尔夫能够返回弗吉尼亚之前去世。1617年3月21日，她被葬在肯特郡格莱乌赞得镇的圣乔治教堂。今天那里立起了一座波卡洪塔斯的纪念雕像。

Pocahontas is most famous for an event that likely never happened: Saving British explorer Captain John Smith from death by Chief Wahunsenaca in 1607.
波卡洪塔斯最著名的是一段可能从未发生过的事件：1607年拯救英国探险家约翰·史密斯上尉免遭Wahunsenaca酋长的毒手。

Smith claimed that he had been taken prisoner by a group of fighters, who brought him before Chief Wahunsenaca. Smith said they were ready to kill him with a club. But, he wrote, Pocahontas threw herself down on top of the prisoner, which saved his life.
史密斯声称他曾被一群士兵俘虏，这些人将他带到Wahunsenaca酋长面前。史密斯说，他们准备将他乱棍打死。但是他写道，波卡洪塔斯趴到了她身上，救了他的命。

Today, the Mattaponi say it could not have happened. They say such behavior would not have been consistent with Virginia Native culture or custom. Non-Native researchers also suspect the truth of this story, taking note that even in his own time, people saw Smith as a liar who had an inflated sense of his own importance.
今天，马特波尼族人表示这不可能发生。他们表示，这样的行为跟弗吉尼亚本土文化或习俗不一致。非本土的研究人员也怀疑这个故事的真相，提出即使是在他的时代，人们也将史密斯视为一个夸大自身重要性的骗子。

I'm Phil Dierking.

我是菲尔·德尔金。