No. 108 【中考专栏】2021年陕西省初中英语学业考试七选五题型浅析

2021年陕西省初中英语学业考试

“七选五”题型浅析

2021年陕西省初中学业水平考试，按照《全日制义务教育英语课程标准2011版》的要求，全面、准确地考查初中毕业生在英语学习方面的达标程度。整套试题考查了学生辨别人物关系、判断地点、推断数据、归纳概括信息主旨等逻辑思维能力，并考查了学生的语言表达与思维转换等能力，很好地体现了初中英语学科阶段性目标要求和学习特点。有利于促进英语素质教育和学生语言与人文素养的发展。

一、试卷命制的指导思想和依据

（一）试题依据《全日制义务教育英语课程标准2011 版》五级要求和《2020年陕西省、西安市市初三英语复课教学建议》而命制。考试范围为人民教育出版社出版的义务教育教科书Go for it! (新目标) 英语七年级2017版(上、下)，八年级2018版(上、下)和九年级2019版(全一册)全部内容。

（二）体现水平考试和选拔性考试的双重性质。试题的难易程度分布合理，试题命制真实、合理地反映出各个层次学生的学业水平。试题设置既兼顾各类不同水平的考生,又将全卷难度控制在合理区间。试题命制基础知识考点均源于课标规定的、出现在人教版Go for it 教材中的重点知识；对听力、阅读理解能力和书面表达能力的考查符合课标的要求。

（三）以英语学科核心素养为导向，注重考查学生的基础知识和基本技能，特别注重考查学生综合语言运用能力，发挥考试评价对初中英语教学的正面导向作用。

（四）试题选篇紧扣“《新课标》”，注重中、高考衔接，语篇主题覆盖《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》规定的“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境。所有主观性试题的命制都在具体的“语境”、“语篇”中考查学生运用英语语言知识、语言技能和学习策略进行判断、推理、思维的能力，同时考查学生运用英语语言知识和技能进行转换、概括、表达等方面的综合语言运用能力。下面以本卷中“七选五”为例进行分析说明。

二、体例分析

本卷的“七选五”是一篇趣味性科普文，基于“人与自我、人与自然”的主题语境，以“睡眠”为话题，主要介绍了我们为什么需要睡眠，睡眠的时间，梦游以及动物睡觉的情况。强调热爱生活、热爱自然、和谐人生的人文教育意识。通过五个不同题型考查学生的语言应用能力。本题也体现了积极、健康、正确的价值取向和良好的学科精神与人文素养，原题如下：

第二节:根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class? Maybe you would say it is because the teacher'sclass is boring. 51Perhaps this is something you have not paid enough attention to or not yet noticed.

Purpose of sleep

52Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.

Sleep time

Enough sleep is important to us. How much sleep do we need? New-born babies sleep most of the time. They can sleep 20-22 hours a day. Children need 10-12 hours of sleep a day. Teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult(成人的) bodies. Grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active. 53That is why old people sleep less than young people.

Interesting facts

Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. 54More surprisingly, some may even get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. Are you a sleepwalker? Or, is there a sleepwalker around you?

55

It'snot just people that love to snooze(打盹). In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits. Some animals, such as bears and hedgehogs, sleep all through winter. The swift is a very fast bird that can sleep while it flies! Cute koalas sleep around 18 hours a day. Giraffes don'tneed much sleep at all. They usually sleep standing up.

A. Sleepy animals B. Why do we need sleep? C. Some people talk in their dreams. D. However, the real reason is probably that we don’thave enough sleep. E. The older you get, the less sleep you will need. F. Some people never dream while they sleep. G. Clever animals

三、文本解析

在一篇300多词的短文中留出五个空白，要求每空选一个完整的句子，使补充后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。“七选五”主要考查学生对文章的篇章结构和上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，也就是对文本要有深度的理解和分析能力：

Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class?||【1】Maybe you would say it is because the teacher'sclass is boring.【2】However, the real reason is probably that we don’thave enough sleep.Perhaps this is something you have not paid enough attention to or not yet noticed.

段首提出问题后，由Maybe引出第一个答案。末句中代词“this”提示空白句应为与“maybe”并列的另一个答案，两答案间用连接词连接，查找选项，连接词为However，答案就很清楚了。

Purpose of sleep

Why do we need sleep?Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.

由本段小标题可知，本段讲述“睡眠的目的”，根据含义在选项中易找到同义句B。此题考查学生对小标题的阅读。在阅读题中，文章若有标题、副标题、小标题时，应优先阅读，这有利于学生把握全文与各段的含义。

Sleep time

Enough sleep is important to us. How much sleep do we need? New-born babies sleep most of the time. They can sleep 20-22 hours a day. Children need 10-12 hours of sleep a day. Teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult(成人的) bodies. Grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active. The older you get, the less sleep you will need. That is why old people sleep less than young people.

此题的关键是空格后句，“that is why…”阐明了两句间的关系：因果关系。此题同时考察了重要知识点：比较级。

Interesting facts

Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. Some people talk in their dreams.More surprisingly, some may even get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. Are you a sleepwalker? Or, is there a sleepwalker around you?

此题较难，考生需要阅读全段内容并理解，是此篇阅读的失分点。在实际考场上，考生可利用排除法完成试题：首先排除小标题选项A、G,其次排除已选选项D、B、E。在剩余选项C、F中，F句与本段首句逻辑矛盾，排除后选C。

Sleepy animals

小标题是对整段内容的总结概括。在一开始完成本篇阅读时，考生就应先大致浏览选项，定位到此题的答案是A或G。

It'snot just people that love to snooze(打盹). In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits. Some animals, such as bears and hedgehogs, sleep all through winter. The swift is a very fast bird that can sleep while it flies! Cute koalas sleep around 18 hours a day. Giraffes don'tneed much sleep at all. They usually sleep standing up.

四、答案解析

[31题详解]

根据“Maybe you would say it is because the teacher's class is boring"及“Perhaps this is something you have notpaid enough attention to or not yet noticed"可知，此处解释并不是因为老师的课很无聊而让我们感到疲倦，D选项“然而，真正的原因可能是我们没有足够的睡眠”符合语境，故选D。

[32题详解]

根据标题“Purpose of sleep"可知，本段介绍了为什么我们需要睡眠，B选项“我们为什么需要睡眠"符合语境，故选B。

[33题详解]

根据"That is why old people sleep less than young people"可知，此处应介绍岁数越大，需要的睡眠就越少，E选项“你越老，你需要的睡眠就越少”符合语境，故选E。

[34题详解]

根据"More surprisingly, some may even get up in their dreams and walk around"可知，此处应介绍做梦时人们可能会做出的动作，C选项“有些人会在梦中说话"符合语境，故选C。

[35题详解]

根据"In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits"可知，此处介绍某些动物的睡眠情况，且此空应是本段的标题，A选项“昏昏欲睡的动物"符合语境，故选A。

五、“七选五”题型命题、解题特点小结

题干	命题原则	命题方式	解题策略	学习素养
However, the real reasonis probably that we don’thave enough sleep.	体现了《新课标》用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力，逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。	段中-主题句	厘清段落内的逻辑关系、关键词指代关系。	1.句间信息的推理判断能力； 2.段落内的逻辑分析能力； 3.句间逻辑关系的理解和推断的能力 4.分析、归纳和把握语篇逻辑等能力
Whydo we need sleep?		段首-话题导入句	紧扣关键词句，把握问题特点。
The olderyou get, the lesssleep you will need.		段中-信息总结句	紧扣关键词，厘清因果关系
Some people talk in their dreams.		段中-信息补充句	联系上下文，分析并排除无关选项
Sleepy animals		段首-小标题	观察空格位置，归纳总结小标题

对于中考题，我们不能满足于做完。我们需要看懂试卷背后的深层涵义：学生怎么学？教师怎么教？平时教学中如何体现中、高考衔接？语法要教、学多深？阅读理解的语篇有什么规律？文本挖掘的深度在哪里？如何挖掘？设题干扰项的规律可有，或者说干扰项是不是切中了学生的认知薄弱处？试卷的难易度和初中英语教材的难易度、契合度如何？……等等。希望和各位同行共同探讨、理性商榷。

此外，本题失分较多的主要原因是考生逻辑思维、语篇分析和综合概括等能力不强，加之对科技类文章有畏难情绪。因此，在今后教学中适当增加科普类文章的阅读量并在后期进行限时训练，通过对句间、段间和篇章逻辑关系的理解、推断能力训练，培养学生分析、归纳和把握语篇逻辑等能力。

王迎雪，陕西省第七批学科带头人培养对象杨萍工作坊成员，高级教师，西安东仪中学。陕西省教学能手；西安市骨干教师、模范教师、教学能手；西安市庄力工作室成员、西安市王兰英名师+研修体成员；雁塔区名师研修体主持人；陕西省基础教育应用名师。多次承担陕西师范大学、陕西学前师范学院、名师大篷车等国培项目报告或授公开课。教学成果获省级二等奖。