解题思路 | 高中阅读理解之篇章结构题

发布于 2021-11-02 22:04 ，所属分类：试题库考试资料大全

引言

阅读，是学生学习英语的重要途径之一。

在我国英语高考中，对学生阅读理解能力考查占比较大。从近两年英语高考命题可知，阅读理解题旨在考查考生根据具体主题语境，基于不同类型语篇，运用各种知识和策略，围绕所读材料建构意义的能力。

今天,《双语学习报》为大家整理了阅读理解中篇章结构题的命题特点及解题技巧，一起来看看吧！

一

命题特点

篇章结构题旨在考查学生对文章基本结构的把握能力。作者在组织材料的时候，会采用不同的方式，如举例、比较、类比、因果、时间顺序、空间顺序或者故事发生的进程等方式来安排层次。

二

常见设题形式

1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
2. How is the text organized?
3. The author develops the passage mainly by ________.
4. The author supports his view by _________.

三

解题技巧

1、通读文章并了解文章结构的组织形式

常见的文章结构形式有三种：

1）总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）

2）并列式结构

3）对照式结构（即常见的一正一反结构）

2、根据文章的体裁把握文章的结构

不同体裁的文章，议论文、说明文、记叙文其结构形式也是不一样的。

1）议论文常使用以下两种结构:

a.Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question

即“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”。

b.Argument→Evidence→Conclusion即“论点→论据→结论”。

议论文最常用的论证方式为举例论证，即用所列举的事物来论证观点，如：列数字和用典型的事例。

2）说明文常采用下定义、举例子、列数字、作比较等说明方法进行说明。

此类文章常见的结构形式有：总分式、并列式、递进式、对照式。

3）记叙文常以时间顺序、地点顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开。

以故事情节为序又可以不按照事件的先后顺序叙述，比如：先写结局或事件中最突出的部分，再按事件的发展顺序进行叙述，这种叙述手法叫倒叙。

正所谓“实践出真知”

学习完理论知识

“双语报”将带领大家通过

“真题再现”“实战演练”、“特色题型”

进一步巩固提升阅读技能

真题再现

（A）篇

2017年全国卷II C篇，保留原题号

（节选自高考天津卷D篇）

I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.

The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counterand onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.

A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.

Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.

Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.

We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.

阅读短文，从每小题所给的选项中选择能回答问题的最佳选项。

1. The author supports his view by _________.

A.exploring various causes of “waits”

B.describing detailed processes of “waits”

C.analyzing different categories of “waits”

D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”

答案及解析

1. C。【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文可知，作者通过第二、三、四段列举了三种类型的“等待”。因此，可以判断出作者是通过分析不同种类的“等待”来支持自己的观点的。

实战演练

2017年全国卷II C篇，保留原题号

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Becky Schroeder was only 10 years old when she came up with the idea of the glo-paper. Two years later, in 1974, her invention was patented (获得专利).

One day, she was doing her homework in the family car while her mother shopped for groceries. It was getting dark, and she couldn’t see her notebook very well. She didn’t have a flashlight and imagined how nice it would be to have a paper that could glow in the dark and allow people to write effortlessly without light.

Most kids would stop here, but Becky took it a step further. She decided to invent a product like that. She researched how fluorescent lighting (荧光灯), fireflies and many “glow in the dark” toys worked, and finally, she found out they all used phosphorescent paint (蓄光涂料) which can store energy when a light shines on it and then radiate it as a glow in the dark.

The next day, she went to the hardware store with her dad, and returned home with a bucket of phosphorescent paint. In her darkest room, she spent the evening experimenting with the paint and some paper until she made it.

Her invention needs a board coated with phosphorescent paint, which stores light. It then glows in the dark without light source on it. Once a sheet of paper is placed on it, it glows and people can see their passage or read without the need of a proper external source of light.

The invention is a huge success. It has been used by photographers, emergency medical people, and even by NASA who will use it when necessary.

2.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The cost of Becky’s invention.

B.The future of Becky’s invention.

C.The application of Becky’s invention.

D.The disadvantage of Becky’s invention.

3.The text is mainly developed ________.

A.by space

B.by process

C.ancyby contrast

D.by classification

答案及解析

一个偶然的想法，使得Becky Schroeder成功地发明了一项专利。

2. C。【解析】主旨大意题。The invention is a huge success.是本段的主题句，后面通过举例解释说明了这项发明在一些行业的实际应用。故可知答案。

3. B。【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文可知，作者在第二、三、四段讲述了Becky Schroeder发明glo-paper的过程，最后一段讲述了此项发明取得的成功。故可知这篇文章是通过事情发展的过程进行的。

特色题型

2017年全国卷II C篇，保留原题号

阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

January 31st is Inspire Your Heart With Art Day. On this day, you can give your heart 1.________special treat. You can create your own work of art or visit art galleries and museums. Art is full of 2.________(inspire) and can change our way of looking at the world. From generation to generation, it 3.________(affect) people’s hearts. Maybe 4.________(look) at a masterpiece of painting or an excellent sculpture will inspire you to be creative. We all have creative power in us. 5.________(fortunate), many of us stop being creative when we move from childhood to adulthood. Inspire Your Heart With Art Day may make your creative power flow again.

There is so much art around us, but many people take little interest 6.________it. There is art in the architecture 7.________we study, live and play. We also see thousands of advertisements every day that come from artistic design. We don’t even have to step into a gallery; it is everywhere. What we need 8.________(do) is stop, look and think for a short time. One of the 9.________(good) ways of exploring art is referring to the Internet. There 10.________(be) thousands of websites about it. If you are willing to spend time and energy, you can inspire your heart with art well.

答案及解析

1. a 2. inspiration

3. has been affecting 4. looking

5. Unfortunately 6. in

7. where 8. to do

9. best 10. are

我们身边不缺乏艺术，只要我们留心观察，生活处处充满艺术。

3. has been affecting。【解析】考查动词时态。根据语境和时间状语可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始并一直在持续进行着。

7. where。【解析】考查定语从句。the architecture为后面定语从句的先行词且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。