20210821大作文真题-范文分析

发布于 2021-08-30 15:45 ，所属分类：试题库考试资料大全

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Governments should be responsible for funding and controlling scientific research rather than private organizations.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

翻译：科研的出资及监控应该由政府负责，而非私人组织，你是否同意？

类型：同意与否

话题：社会类

分析:

在和平年代，太平盛世，很少有非学术界的普通人关心科研的发展。大众更关心的往往是眼前的食物，每日的娱乐与手头的钱，比如金融，房产，料理，电视剧。

某个博导和某个博士生的婚外情或是某某资深专家论文抄袭似乎比科研人员用尽毕生精力研究出的某项成果更加吸引人们的眼球，更能博得。很少有人会去认真思考科研人员及科研成果带给社会的巨大贡献。

然而新冠疫情的爆发让人们开始注意到科研的重要性。这两天王辰院士在其讲话中讲到：我们战疫效果明显，但是对新冠病毒的认识还远远不够，我们是赢在社会组织上，而不是医学科技上。

他的话说的很直白，我们控制疫情靠的是居家隔离，人民与政府的齐心协作，却不是医药研发，科技医疗上的胜利。新冠疫苗的研发要加速，加大医疗方面的经费投入，提高相关科研力量是当务之急。真正研究出了能够快速检测，快速有效的药物及防治疫苗时才是‘群体免疫’战疫胜利之时。

这次的新冠是单点爆发，我们动员全国上下医疗资源全力进行防控，但倘若这次新冠是多点爆发，多个城市一起出现，我们的结果还会是现在这样吗？政府和各界经过这次疫情都应该注意到疾控、医疗资源、基础研究的重要性。

那么我们来看一看这么重要的生物医学科研，乃至各个领域的科研资金由何而来，有何原因。

首先是政府出资支持科研：

和私立机构不同，政府愿意出资支持非商业用途的研究：

when research is carried out by the government,the motive behind is always people-driven and not money oriented.

比如动员了10万多人参加，历时3年，耗资20亿美元的曼哈顿计划，虽然有战时利益推动，但是并非商业用途，而曼哈顿计划也极大程度上提升了人类对于原子能的了解。（Manhattan Projectand its studies on atomic energy. When it was started, yhe Manhattan Projecthad no possibility of commercial use.Obviously, in hindsight, we can see that the nuclear energy industry is worth many millions of dollars, butwhen it was started, it was just a huge hole that the federal government poured ridiculous sums of money into.Without the federal government, we wouldn’t have any knowledge of nuclear power.）

在现如今，我们也看到政府出巨资支持着很多非营利性的科研项目，比如大型强子对撞机研究（The Large Hadron Collider,a particle accelerator in Cern, Switzerland, isthe most expensive science experiment on earth.These people arelooking into the nature of time and space.There isno thought of commercial potential in their work. Without governmental support, this wouldn’t be happening.Possible fallout from this work is unknowable – until it happens.）

私人公司如若看不到这些科研项目中的金钱利益，很有可能会放弃对其投资，而如果这些项目因缺乏投资没有开展，从长远来看对人类很可能是损失。

而假若有私人公司愿意去投这些项目，如果没有政府监控也是极为危险的（some companies might focus on developing biochemical weapons, and it couldthreaten the world peace）

另外，试想一个碳酸饮料公司投资营养学科研，一家石油集团帮助资助一次与气候有关的研究（A soda company sponsoring nutrition research. An oil conglomerate helping fund a climate-related research meeting.），如果产出与自己公司利益相悖的结果，是否会真的公诸于世呢？而其结果公众又是否愿意相信呢？When industry funds science, credibility suffers.

所以我们总结一下政府出资支持科研的原因：

1.一些对人类进步有重大意义却没有暂时资金回报的研究，私人也许不会出资，需要政府出资支持

2.一些研究项目内容较危险，如武器，生化，核能等，需要政府严格监控

3.一些私人公司的研究成果可信度不高，可能存在争议

而对于私人公司资助：

如果科研资金完全由政府出，负担可能会过大，科研的领域非常广泛，私立公司如果能承担一些领域的科研经费那一定是不错的the scope of scientific research is diverse and wide, and private companies could cover up some research which is not carried out by the governments.

好了，分析了很多，我们一起来看范文

范文分析：

Undertaking(好词，见文后分析)scientific research isimperative（形容词：极其重要的或者紧迫的）if countries want to progress and compete in a globalized world. However, the funding and controlling of this research remaincontentious issues（好搭配，contentious –有争议的-a contentious decision/policy/issue）.In my opinion, the government should have thepredominant(好词，见文后分析)responsibility for these.

（开头：引入科研很重要+资金及管控有争议；个人观点：政府应该做科研管控及出资的主力）

One of the first issues is the knowledge that we gain from research.观点If governments are responsible then they are driven by the need to make advances in knowledge in order to improve people’s lives.解释This is because they are accountable to the public and the research is paid for by taxes. On the other hand, private organizations are driven by profit. This may mean that some research that could be valuable to society may not begin because there is nomonetary（货币的，金融的）gain（好搭配-还有Monetary policy/ monetary control等）.展开-对比论证+因果论证

（主体1段：政府投资的必要性-政府职责）

Another issue related to this is the research process.观点When the funding for research comes from the same organization that is going to gain froma favorable outcome（好搭配）, there is astrong potential（好搭配）forbiased results（有争议的结果）.解释Taking drugs companies as an example, legislation usually requiresrigorous（严格的，缜密的，比如rigorous testing/ methods-精确的测试/严谨的方法）trials for new drugs that can take many years to complete. The companies have large amounts of money invested in such research and the need for positive results isparamount（至上的，首要的more important than anything else）. It is difficult for a scientist to remain impartial in these circumstances. However, if this is controlled and funded by governments, their accountability means that such conflicts of interest are less likely to occur.展开-举例论证+对比论证

（主体2段：政府投资的好处-没有利益冲突，保证结果可信）

On balance, I would argue that although it is not realistic toremove all opportunities(好搭配-remove一词用的好)for privately funded research, governments should have the main responsibility for the monitoring and controlling of this. Strong checks and balances need to be in place to ensure future research isethical（合乎道德的）andproductive（富有成效的）.

（结尾：重申观点）

（Source：from https://www.ieltsbuddy.com）

好词：

Undertake：动词-to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult（开始）做，承担，从事（尤指耗时或困难之事）

例句：Students are required to undertake simple experiments.

要求学生们做些简单的实验。

Predominant：形容词：more noticeable or important, or larger in number, than others

占主导地位的；占绝大多数的；显着的

例句：Research forms the predominant part of my job.

研究是我工作中的重要部分

本文可学习模仿的高分要素：

1.开头清晰表态，结尾呼应开头：the government should have the predominant responsibility for these/governments should have the main responsibility for the monitoring and controlling of this – predominat和main相呼应

2.每一段的topic sentence-主题句都很清晰，明确-One of the first issues is the knowledge that we gain from research./Another disadvantage related to this is the research process.

3.主体段采取：观点-解释-展开的结构，分论点均进行充分展开，且在展开时均进行了政府和私立机构的对比

4.使用了high level的词汇，词组及搭配，如：imperative/ contentious/ accountable/ monetary gain/ favourable outcome 等