ssyf专升本英语高频语法第八节特殊句型

发布于 2021-11-20 13:04 ,所属分类:自考学习资料



考点点击


1. When was it___ you met him in the library?

A. where B. that C. in which D. which

精析B 题意:你究竟是什么时候在图书馆见到他的?此题考查强调句,其句型为It was+被强调部分+that /who从句。“when“为时间状语,是本句的被强调部分。注意,强调时间时,后面的连词不用when;强调地点时,也不用 where,除强调人时用who/whom,其他情况都用that。


2. It was at the music hall____ we met each other for the firit time.

A. when B. where C. which D.that

【精析】D 题意:正是在那个音乐厅我们第一次相遇。本句考查强调句。强调句结构为It+ be+被强调的部分+that/who从句。本句中被强调部分是“at the music hall”,为地点状语,但不用where,在强调句中,除强调“人”以外,其余都用连词that。


3. It was not until he entered the classroom ___he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.

A. before B. when C. then D. that

精析D题意:直到他走进教室,他才意识到他忘记做家庭作业了。本句中强调句型强调 not until引导的时间状语从句。注意:强调时间状语时不能用when来引导,而应该用that引导。


4. Hardly___his speech when he waw the audience rise as one.

A. had he finished B. did he finish C. he finished D. he had finished

【精析】A题意:他的演讲刚结束,就看见听众全都站了起来。运用hardly... when…这一常用句型时要注意三点:(1)这一句型表达的意思是“…就……”,如:The game had hadly begun whenit started raining.比賽刚开始就下起雨来了。(2)当hardly置于句首时,整个句子的语序都要改变,如:Hardly had the game begun when it started raining. (3)和hardly…when…句型表示同样意思的句型有no sooner… than.…,如:No sooner had the game begun than it stated raining.

5. So___ after she Iearned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.

A. excited the mother was

B. the mother was excited

C. was the mother excited

D. excited was the mother

精析 D题意:听到这个好消息后,这位母亲如此激动,以至于那天晚上都无法入睡。so...that结构中的so位于句首时,常引起部分倒装。结构为:so+形容词/副词+系动词/助动词+主语/主语+谓语+that从句。故本题选D。


6. I wish to go home now,___ ?

A. don?x-oss-process=image/format,webp" style="max-width:100%">

【精析】D题意:我希望现在回家,难道不可以吗?当陈述部分的谓语动词是wish等表示愿望的词时,附加疑问部分的谓语用may,而且前后两部分均用肯定式。因此选D。


内容聚焦

强调句、倒装句、反意疑问句和插入语是英语中的常用句型,也是各类英语考试中经常考查的重要语言项目。因此也是英语学习中的重点和难点。倒装句和强调句是特殊的句法结构,学好它们有助于正确理解英语词语顺序,造句时会使句子通顺、合乎习惯,从而有助于提高考生的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。


一、强调句

强调是为了加强句子的语气,突出说话的重点,区别不同的意思等。英语书面语中表示强调的手段主要有词汇、语法和修辞三种。含有这些强调手段的句子统称为强调句。

1.词汇手段

以下两类词汇可以帮助句子通过词汇手段实现强调目的:

(1)通过only, even,alone, just, ever,very, too, at all, on earth, in the world, rather, eatirely, completely, if ever, if any等单词或词组对其所修饰的内容进行强调。

Do you know it at all?你究竟知道不知道?

Where on earth did you put the key?你到底把钥匙放到哪里去了?

He entirely forgot the matter!他把这件事完全给忘了

(2)通过强调词 however/whatever/wherever/whenever/whoever/whichever,no matter how/what/where/when/who/which等实现强调目的。

However hard he tried, he couldn't lift the box.

无论多么用力,他都无法举起这个盒子。

Whoever you are, you should obey the rule.

无论你是谁,都应该进守规则。

Take whichever of these paintings you like best.

这些画中你最喜欢的无论拿哪一个都行。

2.语法手段

通过语法手段实现强调目的的句型主要有以下几种:

(1)lt is /was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句

这是强调句型的常见结构。被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语和状语。被强调部分是人,其后的从句可以由who引导也可以由 that引导,如果被强调部分是事物,其后的从句只能由that引导。翻译时被强调部分译成”是”、“正是”、“就是”等。

It is Professor Li that /who sent me the letter. (强调主语)

给我寄信的是李教授。

It was Doctor James that /whom we invited to give us a lecture. (强调宾语)

被邀请给我们做报告的是詹姆斯博士。

It is only when one is ill that one knows the value of health. (强调状语)人们只有生病了才知道健康的价值。

It was at an evening party that I first saw her.(强调状语)

我是在一次晚会上首次见到她的。


【名师点拨】

强调句为历年考试常考知识点,重点掌握其语法手段。


重点提示

在强调“not...until"结构中由until短语或从句表示的时间状语时,要用固定

的强调句型:It is/was not until ... that ...。其中,that 后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句。如:

It was not until the morning that the noise stopped.直到早上,噪音方停。

It was not until I came to China that I knew what kind of a country she is.直到我

来到中国,才知道她是怎样一个国家。


经典例题

① It was because the applicant was too conceited ___he failed in the

interview.

A. that B. so that C. so D. therefore

[答案]A

【精析】本题考查强调句型的正确用法。强调句型,即:It is/was +被强调成分+that +原句子的其他部分。本句是一个强调主语的强调句,故选A.根据本句结构一看便知,这是一个强调原因状语从句的强调句,故只能选A。其他选项:B. so that 是一个连接词,用于连接结果或目的状语从句;C.so可做副词或连接词,用于连接并列句或结果状语从句;D. therefore 是副词,可表因果关系。

[译文] 只是因为这个申请人太自负,他才没有通过面试。


It was the training___made him such a good engineer.

A.that B. so that C. which D. what

[答案] A

精析本题考查强调句型的用法。强调句型的结构为:It is/was+被强调成分+that+原句子的其他部分。本句是一个强调主语的强调句,故选A。

「译文」正是这些培训才把他培养成了那么好的一名工程师。


(2)主语 do/does did+ 动词原形 + 其他部分

该句型主要用来强调谓语动词。如果句子没有助动词,在陈述句中的谓语动词前加do的相应形式表示强调,通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时中,也可用于祈使句中。


These molecules are too small to be seen, but they do exist.

这些分子小得看不见,但它们确实存在。

You are quite wrong — she does like you.

你大错特错了——她的确喜欢你。

In the past, some people did think that the earth was square.

从前,有些人的确认为地球是方的。

Do send them these electronic elements today.

务必今天把这些电子器件送给他们。


(3) what引导的名词性从句+is/was+其他成分

这一句型主要用来强调主语或宾语。

What matters is health but not wealth.(强调主语)

真正重要的是健康而不是财富。

What I like is his writing style.(强调宾语)

我喜欢的是他的写作风格。


(4) the+ 比较级…,the +比较级……

通过定冠词the +形容词或副词比较级的结构也可以起到一定的强调作用。

The more you learn from the past, the fewer regrets you have.

你从过去中学习得越多,悔恨就越少。

The happier you are about yourself and your life, the healthier you will be.你对自己和生活越满意,你就越健康。


3. 修辞手段

通过修辞手段实现强调目的主要有以下几种情况:

(1)重复:通过关键词的重复或同义词以及相似表达法的使用。

Keener and keener the competition becomes.

竞争变得越来越激烈。

I'll never, never forget what he had done for us!

他对我们所做的一切我永远、永远也不会忘记。


(2)通过特殊疑问句、附加疑问句、一般疑问句等疑问句表示强调。

What is it that you want to say?你究竟想说什么?

What the hell do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思?

Let's go to the concert, shall we?我们去听音乐会吧,好吗?

“He has resigned.""Has he?”“他辞职了。”“是吗?”


(3)倒装。通过倒装实现强调也是一种重要的手段。这一点详见下面对倒装句部分的讲解。


二、倒装句

英语中的自然语序通常是“主讲在前,谓语在后”。如果谓语动词的一部分或全部放在主语的前面,这样的语序称为倒装语序。


重点提示

倒装语序有两种形式:完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是把整个谓语置于主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时;部分倒装则是仅将谓语的一部分(通常为情态动词、助动词或系动词be 等功能词)置于主语之前,而谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。


The boy rushed out.(自然语序)

Out rushed the boy.(倒装语序)男孩冲了出来。

倒装语序又分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。

Now comes your turn.(完全倒装)现在轮到你了。

Only in this way can we lose weight.(部分倒装)

只有通过这种方式我们才能减肥。

按照目的来分类,倒装句型可分为两类:因语法结构引起的倒装句和因强调引起的倒装句。


1. 语法倒装句型


(1)疑问倒装

Can you operate the new machine?你能操作这台新机器吗?

In what way are they different? 它们在哪些方面不同?


(2) there be句型的倒装

There are many forms of energy. 能量有多种形式。

There stands a stone bridge across the river. 河上有座石桥。


(3)表示祝愿的倒装

May you succeed!祝你成功!

Long live the great unity of all nationalities of our country!

全国各民族大团结万岁!


(4)以here, there, now, then, thus等副词为句首的句子倒装。谓语动词通常是be动词,come,go,exist,follow 等不及物动词。

Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Now is the hour when they say goodbye. 他们告别的时候到了。

Then follows the fashion show. 然后是时装表演。


(5)表示否定或基本否定的词与词组放在句首的句子倒装

这些词与词组主要有:never (从不),seldom(很少),scarcely(几乎不),hardly (几乎不),rarely (很少),little (几乎不),not(没有),nowhere (没有地方),hardly…when…(一……就),no sooner …than…(一……就),in no case(决不),in no way (决不),on no account (决不),at no time (从不),under (in) no circumstances (决不),not only…but also…(不但……而且……)。

Never has any country made so much progress in such a short time.从来没有一个国家在这么短的时间内取得过这样大的进步。

Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days. 那几天汤姆很少离开他的实验室。

Nowhere was the lost car to be found. 丢失的车哪里都找不到。

No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work.他们一到工厂就开始工作了。


经典例题

I visited Jiuzhaigou last autumn. Never in my life___ so beautiful a place like that.

A. I had seen

B. did I see

C. have I seen

D. I shall see

[答案]C

精析本句考查倒装句,当否定副词 never, hardly, seldom等位于句首时,句子应倒装。A、D两项语序不对。never多与完成时连用,故C项为最佳答案。

[译文] 去年秋天我参观了九寨沟。我一生中从未见过那么美的地方。


(6)“only + 状语”放在句首的句子倒装

Only+状语放句首时起强调作用,句子用部分倒装。

Only by working hard can one succeed. 人只有努力才能成功。

Only once have I seen him.我只见过他一次。

Only after the accident did he become careful.

只有在那次事故之后,他才小心起来。

Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health.

人只有生了病才知道健康的可贵。


经典例题

Only after being asked several times___ us the story of his strange life.

A. did he tell B. then he told C. he could tell D. he began to

[答案)A

精析在“only +状语”开头的句子中,要用部分倒装句,即:把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词、系动词be等)放在主语的前面。所以A选项为正确答案。

译文只有在数次的请求之后,他才告诉我们他奇特的生活经历。


(7)反复倒装

如果前面分句中所述情况也适合后面的分句,后面的分句常用so(肯定句),nor, neither 或no more (否定句)开头引导倒装句。

They can leave now, so can we.他们现在可以离开,我们也可以。

He didn't see the film last night, neither did she.

他昨晚没有看电影,她也没看。


经典例题

Paul never learned a foreign language,___.

A. he doesn't think he has to

B. nor does he think he has to

C. neither he thinks he has to

D. he thinks he has not to, either

[答案〕B

精析本题考查neither或nor用于否定句后表示“也不”时,其后面句子的主语和谓语动词必须倒装的用法。但本题情况更为复杂些,其前面的否定句的谓语动词时态是一般过去时,表达他过去没有学过外语。而第二个句子则用了一般现在时态,表示他现在看法并没改变。但不管前后两个句子时态是否一致,neither或nor位于句首表示“也不”时,句子主语和谓语动词的位置还是一样要倒装的,故B为正确答案。

「译文鲍尔以前从来没有学过外语,他也不认为自己需要学。


(8)虚拟条件句中的倒装

虚拟语气中条件从句省去if时,were,had 或should须放在主语前面形成部分倒装或完全倒装。

Were there no air, there would be no sound. 没有空气就没有声音。

Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。

Should he act like that again, he would be punished.

要是他再那样干,他就要受到惩罚了。


(9)as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装

as在引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装结构。

Strong as the enemy is, we are not afraid.敌人虽然强大,我们却不惧怕。

Hard as he worked, he couldn't earn enough to support the family.他虽努力工作,却不能挣足够的钱养家。


经典例题

Sick___he was, he came to work.

A. as B. however

C. although D. while

[答案]A

精析本题考查当as引导让步状语从句时要主谓倒装,故选A。需要注意的是:though,as,that在引导让步状语从句时,均可主谓倒装,其中though用于倒装多见于口语中,也可放在句首引导而不倒装as和that则必须倒装,但although引导让步状语从句时不可倒装。例如:


Rich as he is, he is thrifty.

Child that he is, he has read a lot. (表语为单数可数名词,原不定冠词需略去)

Hard though he worked, he could scarcely eam enough to make both ends meet.

「译文」 尽管生病了,他还是坚持来上班。


2. 强调倒装句

因强调而引起的倒装句,一般是强调什么成分就将什么成分放在句首,使其句子倒装。


(1)状语放在句首

Down went the boat!船沉了!

Off went the woman.那个女人走了。

Up went the rocket into the air. 火箭上了天。

Across the river lies a newly built steel bridge.新建的一座钢桥横跨这条河流。


(2)表语放在句首

Great are our achievements in science and technology.

我们在科技上取得的成就是伟大的。

Of all metal construction are wing structures of modern high-speed airplanes.

现代高速飞机的机翼是全金属结构的。


(3)宾语放在句首

What he did I cannot imagine.我想象不出他做了什么。

Whether these figures are accurate, I don't know.

这些数字是否精确,我不知道。

What will be the outcome, no one can tell. 后果会怎样,没人知道。


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三、反意疑问句

反意疑问句是由陈述句和附加在其后的疑问句组成。其中附加疑句句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。反意问句的第一部分是一个完整的陈述句,第二部分是一个简单问句。若陈述句部分是肯定形式,疑问句部分则用否定形式;反之,若陈述句部分是否定形式,疑问句部分则用肯定形式。前后两部分还必须要在时态、情态动词的使用等方面保持一致;祈使句的反意疑问句,后面的疑问部分要用will(won't)或shall(shan't)形式。

He cannot speak French, can he?他不会说法语,是不是?

They will go to downtown soon, won't they?

他们一会儿要去市中心,不是吗?

She often has lunch at school, doesn't she? 她常在学校吃午饭,是吗?

Stop talking, will you?别讲话了,好吗?

对于反意疑问句的回答,无论肯定部分在前或在后,只要根据事实回答即可。

You are a student, aren't you?

You aren't a student, are you?

对于这样的两个句子,只要回答是肯定的,就是Yes,I am;否定回答是:No,1

I am not;尤其是对“You aren't a student,are you?”这样否定的陈述句的回答也是同样,比如只要回答者是学生,肯定回答就是“Yes,I am.(不,我是学生。)”,若不是学生,就应回答“No,I am not,(是的,我不是学生。)“绝不可用“No,I am a sudent.”这样的错句。


四、插入语

插入结构是在一个句子中某两个句子成分之间,如主谓、谓宾等之间插人一个单词、短语或从句以对原来句子所表达的内容进行补充、添加、限定和说明。插入成分最明显的标志是用逗号与主句隔开。

The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys,ranging in age from seven to thirteen.

他说,学校只有一个班,共24名男生,年龄从7岁到13岁不等。

What on earth are you fussing about?

你什么事这么大惊小怪?

We have been waiting for you for heaven knows how long.

我们一直等你,天知道等了多久。


可以用作插入结构的成分


成分

例句

单词

It is, indeed, a great pity. 那确实是令人遗憾的事。(ad.)

Strange, he often forgot to turn off the lights.

真奇怪,他经常忘记关灯。(a.)

短语

His words, to a certain extenr, are right.

他的话在某种意义上是对的。

and +副词等

t has been said, and truly, that he laughs best who laughs last.

人们曾说过,而且说得不错,谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。

She is a good daughter, and we have reasans to believe, a good wife她是个好女儿,我们也有理由相信她是个好妻子。

独立分句

These birds—I wonder where they come from-sing in the garden every morning.这些鸟——不知道从哪里来的——每天早晨在院于里鸣叫。

If ever等

A great man, though dead,yet lives.

一个伟大的人虽死犹生。

We seldom,if ever, talked about the past.

我们很少谈到过去。

状语从句

That man, as many as I know, is a miser.

据我所知,那个男人是个吝贵鬼。

I think 等主谓(宾)结构

Smooth seas, I understand, do not make skillful sailors.

我知道,平静的大海造就不出优秀的水手。

Skill, it is true, wins over noble birth.

出身显责,实在不如一技在手。

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