中国四年级小女孩震撼英语演讲:杀死一个人还是看着五个人死去

Now take a look at this picture

让我们来看看这张图片

Imagine you are walking a trolley track

想象你正在沿着一条铁轨前进

And all of a sudden you see a trolley out of control 

你发现一辆有轨车突然失控了

going toward five workers

朝着五个工人冲过去

If you flip the switch beside you

如果你扳下旁边的摇杆

The five workers are going to be saved

这五个工人就会得救

And the one on the side track is going to be killed

旁边另一条轨上的那个人就会死

but if you don t the innocent one will leave unharmed

如若不然 那个无辜的人就会活

And the five are going to be killed

而那五个人就会死

Now would you flip the switch

那么你会扳下这个摇杆吗

Keep your answers

先不要说出来

Now consider another suddenly different one

现在来思考另一个不同的问题

you are on a foot bridge

你在天桥上

Overseeing five workers

你看到五个工人

are about to be run over by a trolley

将要被有轨车碾死

If you give the fat man beside you a little push

你如果把旁边的胖子推下去

He will definitely die

他必死无疑

but his fat body  will leave the five workers unharmed

但他的身体会让那五个人得救

What will you do?

你会怎么做呢？

Usually only two ways of thinking

通常只有两种思维来处理

about the trolley problem 

这给关于有轨车的问题

The first is that you should save as many as you can

第一个就是尽量就更多的人

If you think this way

如果你这样想的话

Then you re definitely agree with the utiltarain method

那么你便是赞同功利主义

Utilitarian’s think

功利主义者的想法是

that you should do the most amount good

你得为尽量多的人

for the biggest amount of people

谋尽量多的福利

So that means

这就意味着

you should save the five workers and sacrifice one

你得牺牲一个人救其他五个人

Meanwhile the other way is that

同时另一种方法就是

you should not interact the affair

你不要插手

And just  morally wrong for you to choose

让你来决定一个人的生死

to end somebody s life

是不符合道义的

Even it means saving five

哪怕是救五个人的性命

If you think in this way

如果你这样想的话

Then you agree with the deontological perspective

那么你便是赞同道义论的观点

I wasn t sure how I felt about this

我不确定我对此事的感受

But I was really interested in it

但我对此事真的很感兴趣

So I decide to do my own survey

所以我决定自己调查一下
I printed out that case one

我把第一个案例打印出来

And handed it out to my classmates and teachers at school

拿给学校的老师同学看

I asked them will they flip the switch

我问他们会不会扳下摇杆

and why

还有为什么

It turns out that 87% of people

最后结果是87%的人

Agree with the utilitarian way

都赞成功利主义的做法

saying it s completely fine

他们觉得

for you to choose to save five

救五个人的性命是最好的选择

Just by flipping a switch

只需摇一下摇杆

However I am not the only 

然而我并不是唯一一个

that interested in it

对这件事感兴趣的人

This is a classical problem studied by many

这个经典问题被很多人研究过

Research shows that in case one

研究显示在案例一中

most people agree with the utilitarian way

大多数人同意功利主义的看法

just like the teachers and classmates that I surveyed on

像我调查过的老师和同学们一样

But in the case two

但在案例二中

most people tend to agree with the deontological perspective

大多数人倾向于道义论者的想法

saying it s not fine for you

道义论者认为 对你来说

to killed a stranger and push him

杀一个陌生人

while against saving five

去救其他五个人是不对的

however we don t understand

可是我们不能理解

Why

为什么

Whe have different outcomes

我们有着不同的调查结果

Even though we are still asking you

但是我们仍然追问着同一个问题

to save one or to save five

选择救一个还是救五个

and it s turns out

事实证明

that Evolution has made us social creatures

进化使我们演变成了社会性生物

and that s all

我的演讲完毕