ssyf专升本英语高频语法第七节主谓一致

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考点点击

1. This is one of the best novels that ___ this year.

A. appear

B. has appeared

C. are appeared

D. have appeared

【精析】 D 题意：这是今年出版的最好的小说之一。当定语从句的先行词是one of+复数名词形式时，其后从句的谓语动词要用复数形式，又根据句意可知本句应该用完成时态，故选D。

2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary____ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

【精析】 B 题意；不仅仅是我而且简和玛丽也都厌倦了一次又一次的考试。在英语主语和谓语的一致关系中，有这样一条语法规则：当两个并列的主语由not only.. . but also …；either...or...; neither...nor...等连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数保持一致。如：Neither glass nor rubber has the ability to conduct electricity.

无论玻璃或橡皮都没有导电的能力。

3. Linda ___you have been allowed to join the team.

A. and B. as well as

C. together with D. like

【精析】 A 题意：你和琳达已经被允许加入团队了。本题考查主谓一致。D项like显然词义不对。A、B、C三项都有“和”、“与”、“以及”等意思。根据从句中的谓语 have been allowed 判断，此处应用and。若选B或C项，句子的主语为Linda,后面的谓语只能用 has been allowed。

4. Large quantities of water___ needed for cooling purpose.

A. is B. are C. be D. was

[精折】B 题意：冷却需要大量的水。当quantities of+不可数名词或复数名词做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，故选B。

5.Many a writer of newspaper articles___ to writing novels.

A.has turned

B. have turned

C. being turned

D.are going to turn

[精折] A 题意：许多报刊文章的作家都转向小说的写作了。many a+单形名词结构做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，故选A。

6.The three English novels are for you. The rest___ for the other students in your class.

A.were B. is C. are D.was

[精析] C 图意：这三本小说是给你的，其余的是给班上其他学生的。本题考查主谓一致和动词的时态。前句中谓语动词是are，此处不可能用过去时，排除 A、D两项。The rest = The rest of he English novels,为复数，故谓语应用are。

内容聚焦

主谓一致是指两个语法成分，即主语和谓语之间的协调关系。在英语中，主谓一致是指用作主语的名词或代词和用作谓语的动词在人称、数、性、格等方面的一致。通常应遵循三个原则，即就近原则、概念/意义原则和语法原则。

1.就近原则

谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词或代词)的单、复形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫作“就近原则”。

(1)在“名/代词+or+名/代词”结构后的动词一般应与or后的名/代词一致。

He or his brothers were to blame.应该怪他或他的兄弟们。

You or Mary is going to meet them at the station this afternoon.

今天下午你或玛丽将到车站接他们。

(2)“either+名词/代词+or+名词/代词”结构后的动词一般应与or后的名

词一致。

Either the shirts of the sweater is a good buy.

这些衬衣，或者这件毛衣，买了是很合算的。

Either dye or oil paints are used to colour cloth.

给布料上色要么用染料，要么用油漆。

(3)“not only+名词/代词+but(also)+名词/代词“结构后的动词一般应与

but (also)后的名词/代词一致。

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.

不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。

Not only our society but also the people in it have changed.

不仅是社会变了，社会上的人也变了。

【名师点拨】

在选择疑问句中，or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与第一个主语在人称和数方面保持一致。如：

Am I or you responsile for the matter?由我还是由你来负责这件事？

经典例题

Not only you but also I___ mistaken.

A. am B. had C. were D. have

[答案)A

【精析】本题考查主谓一致。not only… but also …, neither … nor ...，either…or.…等连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语保持一致，这叫作就近原则。如：

Not only I but also you are mistaken.

「译文] 你和我都错了。

(4) "neither+名词(代词) nor 十名词(代词)”结构后的动词一般应与nor后的名词/代词一致。

Neither you not your brother is in fault. 你和你的兄弟都没错。

经典例题

Neither my wife nor I myself___ able to persuade my daughter to

change her mind.

A. am B. are

C. were D. are not

[答案]A

【精析】此题考查主谓一致。neither…nor…, either …or…, not only... but also...等连接两个主语时，谓语的使用为“就近原则”，即由离动词近的一个主语决定谓语。本句应由“我”决定谓语，应为am。

[译文」妻子和我本人都不能说服女儿改变主意。

(5) There be句型的谓语动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。主语是单数时，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数。

There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.

教室里有一位教师和五十名学生。

2.概念/意义原则

主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数：反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫作概念/意义原则。

1)单形名词与动词的一致

单形名词用作主语时，从语法意义上讲，一般须用单形动词，但有时做主语的单形名词后也可以用复形动词，因为它们在意义上是一致的。

(1)有些单形寒体名词即所谓的“群体名词”，如 police, cattle,people，youth, army, class,committee, company,crowd, couple, group,government, party, team, public, family, audience,staff等，形式上为单数，意义上为复数。谓语动词则要求用复数动词。

The police are looking for the thief.警察正在搜寻那个小偷。

The majority of the Chinese people settling in Britain now are from Hongkong.

如今在英国定居的中国人大多数来自香港。

【名师点拨】

这类集体名词的谓语动词形式选择单数或复数并非绝对的，须视具体的语境而定。作为一个集合概念来看，它表示单数意义，就要遵循语法一致的原则，动词用单数形式。

(2)“many a+单形名词”结构要求用单数动词，这种结构多用于正式文体。

Many a college student wishes to return to the easy days of high school.

很多大学生想回到轻松的高中时代。

(3) more than one +单形名词在结构上虽有复数概念，但习惯上多用单数动词。

More than one person is involved in this case.

不止一个人被卷进了此事。

【考生反馈】

Many a+单形名词做主语时，常会因many而误用复数。

【知识拓展】

“more +复数可数名词+ than one”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

More visitors than one have complained about the weather here.不止一名游客抱怨这里的天气不好。

(4)“a+单数名词or two”做主语，谓语用单数，但“one or two +复数”做主语，谓语用复数。

A day or two has passed.

One or two days have passed.一两天过去了。

2)复形名词与动词的一致

(1)有一些名词虽是复数形式，但表示零概念或单数概念，故应用单形动词。

第一，复形名词表零概念。

What's the news?有什么新闻？

第二，复形名词表单数概念。

Our headquarters is not far from here.我们的总部离这里不远。

His works is rather small.他的工厂相当小。

(2)表时间、距离、金额等复形名词表零概念时，亦用单形动词。

Ten years is a moment in history.10年在历史上只是一瞬间。

A hundred miles is a long distance.100里一段很长的距离。

Ten pounds was missing from the till.钱柜里的钱丢了10镑。

(3)主语为外来的复形名词。某些外来的复形名词已无复数概念，故常用单形动词。

This data is very interesting. 这项数据很有意思。

(4)以-ics结尾表学科的复形名词一般要求用单数动词。

Physics is now taught in all schools.现在所有的学校都开设物理课。

意见的这类名词还有：economics,electrosics, mathematics等。

(5)有些以-ies结尾的名词，如ethics,politics,statistics等用来表示“学科领域”时，谓语动词用单数；用来表示具体“行为”、“数字”时，谓语动词用复数。

Statistics is a principal course at the business school.

统计学是这所商业学校的一门主要学科。

Statistics prove nothing in this instance.

统计数字在这一事倒上说明不了任何问题。

(6)以-s结尾的某些表疾病的复形名词，要求用单数动词。

Measles is a disease to take seriously.麻疹是应严肃对待的一种疾病。

有些这类名词可用单数动词或复数动词。

Mumps is /are fairly rare in adults.腿腺炎在成年人中是相当罕见的。

(7)“a pair/suit +of+复形名词”结构多用单形动词。

A pair of gloves is a nice present.一双手套是一件很好的礼物。

This pair of shoes is too big for me.这双鞋子对我来说太大了。

(8)名词化的形容词做主语遵循概念一致的原则。名词化的形容词指“the+形容词”结构，复数意义的名词化的形容词做主语，动词选择复数形式。

The old are well looked after by the government.

老人们得到政府很好的照願。

The dying usually think back of their past.

将死的人通常会回想起自己的过去。

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3.语法原则

主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫作“语法原则”。

Few students are really lazy. 真正懒情的学生极少。

Many people wand to go. 许多人想去。

1)单形名词/代词与动词的一致

单数名词/代词在句中做主语时用单数动词。

单形集体名词被视为一个整体时，用单数名词。被视为若干个体时，谓语动词则用复数。

My family is a big one.我家是一个大家庭。

The committee were unanimous in their opinion.

委员会委员之间意见完全一致。

有些单形集体名词为不可数名词。如furniture,baggage,machinery等只能做单数用，谓语动词也只能用单数形式。

This baggage looks too heavy.这个包裹看起来很重。

Much machinery needs oiling.许多机器需要上油。

2)复形名词/代词与动词的一致

复形名词(或代词，名词大多以-s结尾)在句中做主语一般要求用复数动词。含双数的复形名词要求用复数动词。如glasses,scissors, shoes, socks,gloves,spectacles等。

My socks were worn out. 我的袜子穿破了。

Her spectacles were lost somewhere. 她的眼镜丢在某个地方了。

His gloves are very dirty. 他的手套很脏。

会复数概念的复形名词要求用复数动词。

My funds are a bit low at present. 我的资金现在不多。

3)单复数同形的名词与动词的一致

有些名词只有一种形式，既能表示数又能表示复数，其谓语动词应该与其表达的具体意义保持一致。常见的这类名词有：aircraft,deer,fish, means,sheep,species, series, works, headquarters等。

A sheep is running along the river.一头绵羊正沿着河边跑。

Some sheep are running along the river.一些绵羊正沿着河边跑。

【知识拓展】

当定语从句先行词是“one of+复数形式”时，其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式，而当one之前有the only 时，定语从句强调 the only one,谓语动词用单数。如：

He is one of those persons who always think they are right.他属于那种总是自以为是的人。

He is the only one of the children who is afraid of going out alone at night.

他是那些孩子中唯一一个害怕夜里独自出去的。

4并列主语与动词的一致

由 and或both … and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。但成对出现的名词做主语时，用单数动词。

Mary and Jane compete with each other for the first prize.

玛丽和简竞争一等奖。

War and peace is a constant theme in history.

战争与和平是历史的永恒主题。

【考生反馈】

有时区分不清and连接的两个名词是一个概念还是两个概念。

经典例题

Courage and resolution___ the spirit and soul of virtue.

A. is B. are C. has been D. was

[答案〕B

【精析】courage(勇气)和resolution(决心)虽然都是抽象名词，但是指代两

种不同的事物，当and连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词一般要用复数，故选B。

「译文」勇气和决心是美德的精神和灵魂。

由as well es, as much as, along with, togetber with,with, including, followed by, in addition to, like, unlike, except, but, besides, no less than, rather than 等连接的并列主语在意义上更强调第一主语。根据语法一致的原则，动词形式通常与第一主语的人称和数保持一致。

I, as well as him, am ready for outing.我和他都准备出去郊游。

He as much as/no less than us is responsible for it.

他与我们都需要对这件事负责。

5) 其他

(1)不定式、动名词(短语)、介词短语、wh~+to do和名词性从句做主语时，谓

语动词用单数形式。

To see is to believe. /Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

On Sunday's morning is quite suitable for me.

在周日的早晨对我来说是很合适的。

"Who is it?" is the very common reaction for most people who hear the knock at the door.

对多数听到敲门声的人来说，最通常的反应就是问“是谁呀？”。

经典例题

Why Maria didn't come to school yesterday ___not known.

A. were B. are

C. is D. have been

[答案] C

【精析】本题考查主谓一致的用法。该句是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句。主语从句担任主语时，谓语动词需用动词单数形式，故选C。

「译文」 目前还不知道玛丽亚昨天为何没来上学。

(2)分数、百分数+of做主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致。

50% of the people present at the meeting are against the plan.

出席会议的一半人反对这项计划。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.

地球表面的3/4都是水。

(3) a number of后面的谓语动词用复数：而 the number of后面的谓语动词用单数。

The number of students in this school is rather small.

这个学校的学生人数很少。

A number of children were playing in the park.一些孩子正在公园里玩耍。

【知识拓展】

数学中的加、减、乘、除这类算式做主语，谓语动词习惯上用单数形式。但表两数相加或相乘时，谓语动词也可用复数。

经典例题

The number of teachers invited___ fifty, but a number of them

___absent for different reasons.

A. were;was B. was;was

C. was; were D. were; were

[答案]C

【精析】 the number of +复数名词或代词做句子主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；a number of+复数代词或名词做句子主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。故选C。

[译文] 一共邀请了50位老师，但有很多老师因种种原因而缺席了。

(4)如果主语是由“a quantity of, a lot of, lots of, pleaty of, etc.+ 名词”构成时，谓语动词的数通常与of词组中的名词的数保持一致。

A lot of / Lots of / Plenty of / Loads of patience is needed to look after children.

照顾小孩需要许多耐心。

There are a lot of / lots of / plenty of books on this subject.

有很多关于这个主题的书。

A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday.昨天售出了大量的啤酒。

A large quantity of drugs were found in his luggage.

在他的行李中发现了大量毒品。

(5)但“quantities of +不可数名词或复数可数名词”做主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。

Great quantities of sand were washed down the hilside by the rain.

大量的砂石被雨水冲下山坡。

(6)如果主语是由"a great / good deal of,a large amount of, the amount of, a bit of+.不可数名词”构成时，谓语动词用单数。但“bits of +不可数名词”做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；“amounts of+不可数名词或复数可数名词”做主语时，谓语动词通常也用复数形式。

A large amount of electricity was wasted last month.

上个月浪费了大量的电。

A good deal of money hus been spent on this project.

在这个工程上已经花费了大量金钱。

A few bits of meat were left on the plate. 盘子里留有一些肉。

Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals.

少量的土地被用来饲养动物。

Huge amounts of crops haven't been harvested.大量的庄稼尚未收割。

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