【英语】30天学完语法之虚拟语气(11.03)
发布于 2021-11-05 15:59 ,所属分类:中小学英语考试学习资料
虚拟语气其实是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示假设、猜测、主观愿望、可能或纯粹的空想,最主要是非真实情况。
由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为三类:
The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been takem to hospital in time.
遇难者如果及时送往医院,他本来会有机会活下来的。(与过去事实相反)
If I knew his telephone number, I awould tell you
如果我知道他的电话号码,我会告诉你。(与现在事实相反)
If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪的话,我们就不去滑冰了。(表将来)
A.could have been
B. would be
C. will be
D. would have been
在虚拟条件句中,如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时,可将省去,把were, had或should等提到主语之前,引起倒装。
如果句中没有were, had或should等,则不能省略if,也不能用倒装结构。
有些时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生在不同的时间,比如一个是过去发生的,一个是现在发生的。
这时,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式。
如:If they had invited me, I would go with them now.如果他们邀请过我,我现在就和他们一起走了。
A. Would you be surprised
B. Were you surprised
C.Had you been surprised
D.Would you have been surprised
有些介词或介词短语隐含条件之义,其虚拟形式与i引导的非真实条件状语从句类似,需根据从句所用的时态,来选择主句的谓语形式。
But for their help, we could not have finished the work on time,
要不是他们的帮助,我们就不可能接时完成那项工作。(表过去)
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.
没有电,就没有现代工业。(表现在)In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
如果没有重力,地球周围就没有空气。(表现在)
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